Response of Doru luteipes (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) to insecticides used in maize crop as a function of its life stage and exposure route.

The present study aimed to evaluate insecticide toxicity to Doru luteipes (Scudder), a major predator of maize pests. Lethal and sublethal effects were assessed on nymphs and adults exposed to the insecticides through contact (maize leaves) and ingestion (prey eggs) routes. Tested insecticides included a biopesticide (Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, SfMNPV), modern (flubendiamide and metaflumizone), and older neurotoxins (imidacloprid + ß-cyfluthrin). The imidacloprid/ß-cyfluthrin mix was highly toxic (100% mortality) to the predator, regardless of the exposure route and predator stage. Metaflumizone caused mortality higher than 95% and 45% of nymphs and adults. Flubendiamide and SfMNPV were the least toxic insecticides, not differing from the untreated control in any of the assessed endpoints. Adult tibial length did not differ among treatments. Metaflumizone impaired egg consumption by nymphs and walking distance of adult D. luteipes. Overall, the insecticides caused a more pronounced effect on D. luteipes nymphs than on adults and were more toxic by the contact route. From these findings, flubendiamide and SfMNPV are safer for D. luteipes and should head insecticide choice in integrated pest management programs in maize.

Survival, development and reproduction of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) under effects of insecticides used in tomato plants.

Agriculture depends on the correct use of different methods for pest control, however the cultivation methods adopted for Solanaceae demands numerous pesticide applications. These products can be either harmful or selective to beneficial organisms, such as Coccinellidae predators. The aim of this study was to assess the physiological selectivity of insecticides, registered for tomato pest control, on Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The maximum recommended field dosage of the insecticides spinetoram, spiromesifen, methoxyfenozide, metaflumizone, tebufenozide and methomyl was used. They were sprayed on eggs, third instar larvae, pupae and adults of H. axyridis using Potter´s tower; control treatment consisted of water. Methoxyfenozide didn't reduce any biological feature of the predator. Spiromesifen only reduced survival over time when sprayed on third instar larvae. Spinetoram shortened larval period and reduced survival of adults. When sprayed on larvae, metaflumizone reduced larval survival. Tebufenozide reduced egg viability, pupal period and larval survival over time. It is concluded that methoxyfenozide, spiromesifen and spinetoram are the least toxic to H. axyridis, and their usage should be prioritized in integrated pest management (IPM) programs; both tebufenozide and metaflumizone are harmful to some important biological features of the predator. Methomyl is highly toxic in controlled conditions, so its toxicity to H. axyridis should be confirmed in field and greenhouse tests, we also suggest further studies with the other compounds in different concentration and route of exposure.

Susceptibility of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Crysopidae) to insecticides used in coffee crops.

The coffee crop hosts pests such as mites, mealybugs, and aphids which serve as food for the predator Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). The preservation of this chrysopid in coffee agroecosystem is very important to achieve sustainability of this agricultural sector, and can be obtained by applying low toxicity insecticides. The present study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of C. externa to azadiracthin, chlorpyrifos, ethiprole and teflubenzuron. Predator eggs, third instar larvae, pupae and adults were exposed to insecticides by Potter tower spraying. When evaluating exposure of C. externa eggs we observed that chlorpyrifos, ethiprole and teflubenzuron reduced larvae hatching, while azadiracthin prolonged first instar duration. Meanwhile, the exposure of third instar larvae to chlorpyrifos and ethiprole caused mortality of all insects after 72 h, while azadiracthin prolonged the larval development time; we also observed that no compound allowed the formation of adults. After pupae were exposed to chlorpyrifos and teflubenzuron, it was observed a reduction on the emergence of adults, while the longevity of adults from these pupae and the evaluated reproductive parameters were reduced by all insecticides. For the bioassay with adults, chlorpyrifos, ethiprole and teflubenzuron reduced the longevity of insects, while the reproductive parameters evaluated were negatively affected after exposure to azadiracthin and teflubenzuron. It was concluded that all insecticides negatively affected at least one biological characteristic of the predator in at least one of the insect's developmental stages, requiring further research in semi-field and field conditions to prove its toxicity.

Prognóstico em dois anos do câncer glótico / Prognosis in 2 years of glottic cancer

Introdução: Realizamos um estudo transversal retrospectivo, no qual analisamos pacientes com câncer glótico. Objetivo: Este estudo tem por objetivo fazer um perfil oncoepidemiológico desses pacientes, bem como comparar a sobrevida em dois anos do grupo holandês com a nossa. Materiais e métodos: A nossa amostra foi composta de 12 pacientes, todos do sexo masculino, com média de idade na primeira consulta de 52,08 anos. Com o software OncologIQ®, fizemos uma estimativa de sobrevida. Resultados: O está- dio IV representou 50% dos pacientes, seguido pelo estádio II, com 25%. Apenas 8,33% dos pacientes pertenciam ao estádio I. De acordo com o T-stage, T2 e T4 aparecem com 33,33% dos pacientes enquanto T1 com 8,33%. Este estudo expressou uma sobrevida em dois anos de 100% aos pacientes, classificados nos estádios I, II e III, enquanto o estádio IV demonstrou sobrevida de 66,7%. A sobrevida estimada em dois anos foi respectivamente de 87,8% e 77,6% para os estádios I e II. O estádio III teve uma sobrevida estimada de 72,7%, ao passo que para o estádio IV a sobrevida em dois anos estimada foi de 47,3%. A média geral da sobrevida em 2 anos, independente do estadiamento, foi de 91,66%. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a sobrevida em dois anos foi superior aos dados da literatura no aspecto geral e específico por estádio (AU)

Introduction: We performed a cross-sectional study reviewing the medical records of patients with glottic cancer. Objetive: The aim of this study was to obtain an oncoepidemiological profile of our patients and compare their two-year survival rate with the Dutch Group. Patients and methods: Twelve patients were included in the study. All of them were male and their mean age at the first visit was 52.08 years. To estimate the survival rate we used the software OncologIQ®. Results: Fifty per cent of the patients were on stage IV, 25% were on stage II and 8.33% were on stage I. According to T-Stage, 33.33% were on T2 and T4 and 8.33 were on T1. Two-year survival rate was 100% in patients on stage I, II and III. This rate was 66.7% in patients on stage IV. The evaluation of the twoyear survival rate through OncologIQ® software was 87.8% and 77.6% for stages I e II respectively. This rate was 72.7% for patients on stage III and 47.3% for patients on stage IV. Independently of the stage, the two-year survival rate for this sample was 91.66%. Conclusion: The two-year survival rate of this sample was longer than the data published, regarding to the general features and stage. The OncologIQ® software is a useful tool to estimate the two-year survival rate in patients with glottic cancer (AU)

Tratamento cirúrgico das estenoses corrosivas do esôfago / Surgical treatment of corrosive stricture of the esophagus

A ingestäo de substância corrosivas, voluntária ou acidentalmente, näo é rara. O processo inflamatório crônico estabelecido no esôfago determina, freqüentemente, o estreitamento da luz do órgäo. Quando o manejo clínico e/ou sucessivas dilataçöes näo restabelecem adequadamente a luz esofágica, impöem-se o tratamento cirurgico. Devido à incidência, sendo, na opiniäo dos autores, o órgäo de eleiçäo na substituiçäo do esôfago. Comentam-se as indicaçöes, o manejo cirúrgico, bem como os resultados obtidos numa série de pacientes

O emprego de próteses como tratamento paliativo das neoplasias malignas do esôfago / The use of prothesis as palliative treatment of malignant esophageal neoplasms

Relata-se uma experiência em 24 casos de pacientes, portadores de Carcinoma de Esôfago, tratados paliativamente, com o uso de prótese. Analisam-se as indicaçöes, a técnica e as complicaçöes mais freqüentes como: sangramento, dor torácica, vômitos, fratura do tumor, migraçäo e obstruçäo da prótese. Nesta experiência, o método apresenta inúmeras vantagens sobre o gastro ou jejunostomia, pois além de restabelecer a via oral, previne a aspiraçäo de saliva para a árvore respiratória

Fístula esofágica cervical: uma forma de tratamento / Cervico esophageal fistula: a form of treatment

Os autores apresentam uma técnica de correçäo de fístulas esofágicas cervicais sem reintervençäo cirúrgica, baseados em sua experiência no tratamento de 20 casos. Realizam uma análise crítica comparativa entre o tratamento proposto e o comumente empregado em nosso meio